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Capture of Berwick (1296) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Capture of Berwick (1296)
The Capture of Berwick was the first significant battle of the First War of Scottish Independence in 1296. ==Background== Upon the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway, in late September 1290, there arose a number of claimants to the throne of Scotland. The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state until such time as a king would be chosen. The late king, Alexander III had been married to Margaret of England, sister to Edward I, and he was asked to arbitrate in the dispute.〔Powicke, F. M. (1962). The Thirteenth Century, 1216–1307 (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 3693188.〕 John Balliol, a descendant of King David I was chosen and inaugurated at Scone, on St. Andrew's Day, 30 November 1292.〔Dunbar, Sir Archibald H., ''Scottish Kings – A Revised Chronology of Scottish History 1005–1625'', Edinburgh, 1899〕 Edward I treated Scotland as a feudal vassal state, claiming contributions towards the costs for the defence of England. When he demanded military support for his war against France, the Scots responded by forming the Auld Alliance with the French, and launched an unsuccessful attack on Carlisle.〔
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